Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the alimentary canal in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It forms a continuous tube that digests and absorbs food.

Question 2

Which organ is classified as both an accessory digestive organ and part of the alimentary canal?

Accepted Answer

Mouth

Question 3

During the process of peristalsis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation move food along the GI tract.

Question 4

Which layer of the GI tract is primarily responsible for segmentation and peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 5

A patient presents with a vitamin B$$_{12}$$ deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor. Which gastric cell type is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the role of the enteric nervous system in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

It regulates local digestive activities independently of the central nervous system.

Question 7

During swallowing, which structure rises to block the trachea and prevent food from entering the airway?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the buccal phase of swallowing?

Accepted Answer

The tongue manipulates food into a bolus and pushes it backward into the pharynx.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

Accepted Answer

Absorbs nutrients directly into the bloodstream

Question 10

A patient with damage to the mucosal barrier of the stomach is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Ulceration due to acid and proteolytic enzymes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the pyloric sphincter?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum.

Question 12

Which of the following hormones stimulates gastric secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the movement of nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Question 14

Which of the following correctly matches the cell type with its secretion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Mucous neck cells — acidic mucus

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of impaired secretion of intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia due to vitamin B$$_{12}$$ deficiency

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the effect of sympathetic stimulation on salivation?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits salivation and produces thick, mucin-rich saliva.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of segmentation in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

It involves adjacent segments contracting and relaxing to mix food and increase absorption.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the stomach’s rugae?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the stomach to expand when filled

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the basic electrical rhythm (BER) of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

It is generated by pacemaker cells and controls cyclic slow waves of contraction.

Question 20

A patient consumes a meal high in fat. Which of the following is most likely to occur regarding gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Gastric emptying will be delayed, taking longer than usual.

Digestive System: Structure and Function (Chapter 23 Study Notes)

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