$$\text{Polysaccharide} + \text{Amylase} \rightarrow \text{Disaccharide}$$

$$\text{Protein} + \text{Protease} \rightarrow \text{Amino acids}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the alimentary canal is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 2

During swallowing, which phase is involuntary and involves the contraction of the pharyngeal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

Question 3

Which accessory organ produces bile, which is essential for lipid digestion?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 4

What is the correct order of sphincters in the digestive tract from mouth to anus?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal, pyloric, ileocecal, internal and external anal

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 6

If a patient has a blockage in the ileocecal valve, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Passage of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine

Question 7

Which cells in the small intestine are primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Enterocytes

Question 8

A patient with impaired segmentation in the small intestine would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased mixing and breakdown of food

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine has villi and microvilli?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the submucosa layer in the alimentary canal?

Accepted Answer

Supports surrounding tissues and contains blood vessels

Question 11

A patient is unable to digest proteins efficiently. Which enzyme is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Protease

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of brush border enzymes in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They break down disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 13

If the muscularis externa fails to form a proper sphincter, which problem is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Backflow of food between digestive tract sections

Question 14

Which of the following components of saliva is responsible for the initial breakdown of starch?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 15

Which equation best represents the breakdown of polysaccharides by amylase?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Polysaccharide} + 	ext{Amylase} ightarrow 	ext{Disaccharide}$$

Question 16

Which process is assisted by contraction of the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Defecation

Question 17

If the large intestine absorbs less water than normal, what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

Softer feces

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 19

Lipids are absorbed in the small intestine primarily into which structure?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals of the villi

Question 20

Which equation best represents the digestion of proteins by proteases?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Protein} + 	ext{Protease} ightarrow 	ext{Amino acids}$$

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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