Q: Which of the following equations best represents the chemical breakdown of starch by amylase?

$$ \text{Starch} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{amylase}} \text{Maltose} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To obtain energy and materials needed to build tissues

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Chewing food with the teeth

Question 3

What is the main function of the villi in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption

Question 4

A patient is unable to absorb vitamin B12, leading to anemia. Which gastric secretion is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the stomach does not digest itself under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

The stomach has a thick, highly alkaline mucous coat

Question 6

During swallowing, which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches a digestive enzyme with its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic lipase – lipids

Question 8

A patient has a blockage at the hepatopancreatic sphincter. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum

Question 9

Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Storing iron and vitamins A, B12, and D

Question 11

A patient presents with severe watery diarrhea. Which of the following best explains the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Stool passes too quickly through the intestines for absorption

Question 12

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Wavelike contractions of smooth muscle that propel food

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the cephalic phase of gastric function?

Accepted Answer

It is triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the layers of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 16

A patient with a peptic ulcer is found to have a bacterial infection. Which bacterium is most commonly associated with this condition?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the chemical breakdown of starch by amylase?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Starch} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{amylase}} 	ext{Maltose} $$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of bile acids in digestion?

Accepted Answer

They emulsify fats to increase surface area for lipase action

Question 19

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of tight junctions between stomach epithelial cells. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Seepage of gastric juices into underlying tissues

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the gastroileal reflex?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the opening of the ileocecal valve, allowing materials to pass from the small to the large intestine

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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