Question 1

Which of the following best describes biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

The manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce useful products.

Question 2

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA at specific sites, often palindromes.

Question 3

Which method was the standard for DNA sequencing for many years before automation?

Accepted Answer

Sanger dideoxy chain termination method

Question 4

Next-generation sequencing is also known as:

Accepted Answer

Deep sequencing

Question 5

Which of the following is a key advantage of third-generation sequencing over previous methods?

Accepted Answer

It can read long sequences of DNA.

Question 6

The Human Genome Project completed its first sequence in 2001. What was a major technological advancement that allowed the cost and time of sequencing to decrease dramatically?

Accepted Answer

The development of next-generation sequencing methods.

Question 7

Which tool is used to join fragments of DNA together in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligases

Question 8

In the process of producing human insulin using recombinant DNA technology, which step ensures that only bacteria containing the insulin gene are selected?

Accepted Answer

Screening and selecting E. coli that successfully took up the insulin-producing plasmid.

Question 9

What is the role of guide RNA in the CRISPR-Cas9 system?

Accepted Answer

It is complementary to the sequence being targeted for edits and guides Cas9 protein to its target.

Question 10

Which equation best represents the exponential amplification of DNA during PCR, where $$n is $$the number of cycles?

Accepted Answer

$$N = 2^n$$

Question 11

PCR is commonly used in forensic science for DNA profiling. Which feature of DNA is most important for distinguishing individuals?

Accepted Answer

Short tandem repeats (STRs) that vary in number among individuals.

Question 12

During DNA profiling, why do shorter DNA fragments move faster during electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

They encounter less resistance in the gel matrix.

Question 13

Transgenic organisms are also known as:

Accepted Answer

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a product made by transgenic bacteria or yeast?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 15

Transgenic plants have been engineered to express which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 16

What is a major challenge in creating transgenic animals compared to plants or bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It is more difficult to introduce foreign DNA into animal cells.

Question 17

Gene pharming refers to:

Accepted Answer

Introducing human genes into dairy animals so the human protein is produced in the animal's milk.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of successful gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

Treating severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) by introducing the ADA gene into bone marrow stem cells.

Question 19

In gene therapy, what is the difference between ex vivo and in vivo approaches?

Accepted Answer

Ex vivo modifies cells outside the body and returns them to the patient, while in vivo introduces genes directly into the patient.

Question 20

Which equation would you use to calculate the number of possible DNA fragment sizes after cutting a DNA molecule with $$n$$ different restriction enzymes, assuming each enzyme cuts at a unique site?

Accepted Answer

$$n + 1$$

DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering: Concepts and Applications

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