Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the autonomic division of the efferent nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates involuntary functions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and some adipose tissue.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and reduced digestive activity after a car accident. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic branch

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons onto nicotinic cholinergic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 4

In the autonomic nervous system, which structure acts as a mini-integration center and contains neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic ganglion

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the origin of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is primarily secreted by postganglionic sympathetic neurons onto target cells?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 7

A drug blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Which physiological effect would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Reduced parasympathetic effects on target organs

Question 8

Which of the following best explains antagonistic control in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

One branch excites while the other inhibits the same organ, allowing dynamic regulation.

Question 9

The adrenal medulla is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion because:

Accepted Answer

It is innervated by sympathetic preganglionic fibers and releases epinephrine into the blood.

Question 10

Which receptor type is most sensitive to norepinephrine and causes muscle contraction or secretion when activated?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor

Question 11

A patient is given a beta-blocker medication. Which physiological effect is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate due to inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the somatic motor division is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a single, myelinated neuron that is always excitatory.

Question 13

At the neuromuscular junction, which enzyme is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of nicotinic cholinergic receptors at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

They are chemically-gated channels with two binding sites for acetylcholine.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the dynamic balance of homeostasis between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity?

Accepted Answer

$$ Homeostasis = f(Sympathetic~Activity, Parasympathetic~Activity) $$

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates cooperative control in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches act on different tissues to achieve a common physiological goal.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the neurotransmitter released at the neuroeffector junction of most sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is released onto adrenergic receptors.

Question 18

A patient with a spinal cord injury still exhibits sweating in response to heat. Which property of autonomic control does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Tonic control by sympathetic innervation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a somatic motor neuron?

Accepted Answer

It originates in the CNS and directly innervates a single skeletal muscle fiber.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about autonomic neurotransmitter receptors is correct?

Accepted Answer

Beta-2 receptors are more sensitive to epinephrine than norepinephrine.

Efferent Division of the Peripheral Nervous System: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

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