$$GHRH \rightarrow GH \rightarrow IGF-1 \rightarrow \text{inhibition of GHRH}$$

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of hypercortisolism, including central obesity and muscle weakness. Which syndrome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Increase in protein synthesis in muscle

Question 4

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway involves which sequence of hormone release?

Accepted Answer

$$CRH \rightarrow ACTH \rightarrow Cortisol$$

Question 5

Which hormone is synthesized in the thyroid gland and is essential for normal growth and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine ($$T_4)$$

Question 6

A patient with exophthalmos and goiter is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the negative feedback regulation of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

$$GHRH ightarrow GH ightarrow IGF-1 ightarrow 	ext{inhibition of GHRH}$$

Question 8

Which hormone increases plasma calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A child with stunted growth and delayed bone development is most likely deficient in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of thyroid hormones in adults?

Accepted Answer

Regulate metabolic rate

Question 11

A patient with acromegaly is most likely experiencing excess secretion of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 12

Which hormone is released in response to low plasma calcium and acts on the kidneys to increase calcium reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate lipolysis in adipose tissue

Question 14

Which equation best represents the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

$$I^- + Tyrosine \rightarrow MIT \rightarrow DIT \rightarrow T_3$/T_4$

Question 15

Which hormone is most likely to be elevated in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

A patient with low plasma calcium, muscle spasms, and tetany is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 17

Which hormone acts to decrease plasma calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 18

Which of the following is a common consequence of untreated hypothyroidism in adults?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia and cold intolerance

Question 19

Which hormone is released from the hypothalamus to stimulate ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 20

Which of the following is a role of calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a cofactor for enzyme activity

physiology ch 23 endocrine

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