Question 1

Which gland is responsible for secreting the hormone cortisol, and what is the primary function of cortisol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex; increases blood glucose during stress

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and which gland produces it?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine ($$T_4$$); thyroid gland

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches a cell type with the hormone it secretes in the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Follicular cells; thyroxine ($$T_4)$$

Question 4

The anterior pituitary releases several hormones. Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland and allows for the transport of releasing hormones?

Accepted Answer

Infundibulum

Question 6

A histology slide shows clusters of cells surrounded by capillaries in the pancreas. Which hormone do these beta cells secrete?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a hormone released by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

A patient has elevated blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely being secreted in excess, and by which cell type?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone; chief cells

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine during stress

Question 10

If a tumor destroys the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, which hormone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; increases blood glucose

Question 12

A patient with damage to the posterior pituitary would have trouble regulating which physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Water retention due to lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 13

Which of the following structures is NOT directly involved in hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Sella turcica

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by parafollicular cells of the thyroid, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; lowers blood calcium

Question 15

A patient is unable to produce parathyroid hormone. Which cell type is most likely dysfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Chief cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the infundibulum in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland for hormone transport

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is essential for uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 18

A histology image shows a spherical structure lined by cuboidal cells and filled with colloid. Which gland and cell type does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland; follicular cells

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 20

A patient with a tumor in the anterior pituitary is found to have elevated levels of $$TSH. $$What effect would this have on the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of thyroxine ($$T_4)$$

Endocrine System: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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