Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 2

A target cell is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A cell that has receptors specific for a particular hormone.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

Where are the receptors for hydrophobic (lipophilic) hormones typically located?

Accepted Answer

Inside the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell

Question 5

Which mechanism is NOT a way the body controls hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stimulation

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the alpha cells of the pancreas and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; raises blood glucose

Question 7

A patient presents with symptoms of weight loss, heat intolerance, and exophthalmos. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Graves disease

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys

Question 9

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 10

Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria (excessive urination)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the composition of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Water, proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Question 12

What is the normal range for a red blood cell (RBC) count in adults?

Accepted Answer

4-6 million cells/µL

Question 13

Which organ releases erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Question 14

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 is most likely to develop which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiate blood clotting

Question 16

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O-

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the pulmonary circuit is correct?

Accepted Answer

It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 18

Which structure is the normal pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 19

If the hydrostatic pressure in a capillary is 35 mmHg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mmHg, what is the net filtration pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$35 - 25 = 10$$ mmHg, favoring filtration

Question 20

Which hormone increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Endocrine System, Blood, and Cardiovascular System: Structured Study Notes

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