Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing symptoms of low blood calcium. Which endocrine gland is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the negative feedback control of cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus releases CRH $$\rightarrow$$ anterior pituitary releases ACTH $$\rightarrow$$ adrenal cortex releases cortisol $$\rightarrow$$ cortisol inhibits CRH and ACTH release

Question 4

Which hormone is released in response to high blood glucose and acts to lower it?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 5

A patient with diabetes mellitus is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action for water-soluble peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to receptors on the plasma membrane and activate second messenger systems such as $$cAMP$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a permissive effect in hormone interactions?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone enhances the effects of epinephrine on target cells

Question 8

Which of the following metabolic processes is defined as the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 9

A patient is given a drug that blocks $$\beta-$$adrenergic receptors. Which hormone's effect will be most diminished?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates lipolysis and increases blood glucose levels

Question 11

Where are the receptors for lipid-soluble steroid hormones typically located?

Accepted Answer

Inside the cell, either in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and helps the kidneys reabsorb water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Low blood calcium stimulates parathyroid hormone release

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 16

Which process is inhibited by insulin to help decrease blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 17

A patient with an adrenal tumor is producing excess cortisol. Which of the following symptoms is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia and suppressed immune function

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of receptor down-regulation?

Accepted Answer

A cell decreases the number of hormone receptors after prolonged exposure to high hormone concentrations

Question 19

Which hormone is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets and increases blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 20

Which of the following is a synergistic effect of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon and epinephrine both stimulate the liver to release glucose, amplifying the effect

Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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