Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Second Law of Thermodynamics as it applies to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cellular order requires continual input of energy because spontaneous processes increase entropy.

Question 2

A muscle cell is using ATP to contract. Which category of work is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical work

Question 3

Which statement correctly distinguishes between kinetic and potential energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy, such as in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is energy of motion, such as molecules moving across a membrane.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents an exergonic reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + Energy$$

Question 5

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A molecule loses an electron and another molecule gains that electron.

Question 7

During glycolysis, what is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 8

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$

Question 9

If oxygen is not present, what is the fate of pyruvate produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into lactate.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way that cells regulate metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Increasing entropy within the cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it when converted to ADP.

Question 12

Which of the following reactions is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down glycogen into glucose using water

Question 13

Which statement about the First Law of Thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total amount remains constant.

Question 14

Which of the following molecules is an electron carrier used in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

NaCl + $$AgNO_3$$ \rightarrow $$NaNO_3 + $$AgCl

Question 17

Which of the following statements about catabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the $$E_a to $$speed up reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of a cell having a high ATP to ADP ratio?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic reactions are inhibited.

Question 20

During beta-oxidation of fatty acids, which product is NOT generated in each round?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Energy and Cellular Metabolism: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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