Question 1

Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that requires energy input and has products with more energy than reactants.

Question 2

Cellular respiration is an example of which type of chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 4

Which factor does NOT directly increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the concentration of reactants

Question 5

Enzymes are described as biological catalysts because they:

Accepted Answer

Lower the activation energy required for a reaction

Question 6

Which of the following is a property of water that is physiologically important for humans?

Accepted Answer

Water acts as a lubricant between adjacent surfaces.

Question 7

A solution with a high concentration of $$[H^+]$$ ions will have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A low pH and is considered acidic.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes how a pH buffer works in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It maintains equilibrium by releasing or binding $$H^+$$ ions as needed.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about enzyme activity and temperature?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to a point, but high temperatures denature enzymes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors and release $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 11

What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates?

Accepted Answer

It increases the reaction rate up to a saturation point.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a reversible chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightleftharpoons H_2CO_3$$

Question 13

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic compounds such as NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Water has partially charged ends that interact with ions.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites that bind only specific substrates.

Question 15

A buffer system in blood involves carbonic acid. What happens when blood pH falls?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid dissociates to release $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of enzyme deficiency, such as in Tay-Sachs disease?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of gangliosides in neurons leading to neurological damage.

Question 17

Which formula correctly expresses the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes work best at their optimal pH, which varies depending on their environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$HCl + NaOH \rightarrow H_2O + NaCl$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water cannot absorb heat without changing temperature.

Enzymes, Water, Acids & Bases: Chemical Principles in Anatomy & Physiology

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