Question 1

Which cells are responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 2

A patient with diabetes undergoes a glucose tolerance test. Compared to a healthy individual, what would you expect to see in their blood glucose graph?

Accepted Answer

Higher peak and slower return to baseline

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly inhibitory in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 4

What is the major determinant of the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+}) $$concentration

Question 5

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 6

What is the primary action of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) at $$the synapse?

Accepted Answer

Trigger neurotransmitter release

Question 7

Which brain structure acts as the 'home thermostat' regulating temperature, hunger, and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 8

What is the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on synaptic transmission in depression?

Accepted Answer

Increase serotonin in the synaptic cleft

Question 9

Which of the following best describes spatial summation in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Multiple inputs firing together at the same time

Question 10

Where are voltage-gated sodium channels primarily located in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axon (action zone)

Question 11

Which process describes the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 12

What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Keeps water in the kidneys

Question 13

Which of the following is a component of the metabolic syndrome in diabetic patients?

Accepted Answer

High blood sugar

Question 14

During fasting, which process is responsible for the production of ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

Fat breakdown in the liver

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulates automatic functions like heart rate and gland activity

Question 16

What is the main difference between afferent and efferent pathways?

Accepted Answer

Afferent pathways carry signals to the brain; efferent pathways carry signals away from the brain.

Question 17

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$E_K = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 18

Which of the following is true about axonal transport?

Accepted Answer

It is the process of moving cellular materials along the neuron’s axon.

Question 19

Which structure is most important for memory formation in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds molecules; catabolism breaks them down.

Essential Study Notes: Nervous System & Metabolism in Anatomy & Physiology

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