Question 1

Which of the following best describes the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

Which of the following is a primary function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback mechanism in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A process that reverses a change and returns the system to its set point

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about macromolecules and their monomers?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship described by Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell. Which term best describes the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important for biochemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following is a major difference between passive and active transport across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves them down their gradient.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in blood chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain blood pH by neutralizing excess acids and bases.

Question 11

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which term best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 12

Which of the following statements about entropy in biological systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Entropy measures the amount of disorder or randomness in a system.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after a vessel is damaged

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sodium and potassium gradients are important for nerve cell function?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the generation and propagation of action potentials.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for the dissociation of water?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightleftharpoons H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 17

A scientist measures the rate of diffusion of a solute across a membrane and finds it increases as the concentration gradient increases. Which law best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Fick's Law

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main function of carbohydrates in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Immediate energy source

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic substances have difficulty crossing the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic substances actually cross easily; it is hydrophilic substances that have difficulty.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Exam 1 Study Guide: Chemistry, Cells, and Organelles in Anatomy & Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard