Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for the continuous regeneration of skin cells, and what is the main process occurring there?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; mitosis

Question 2

A patient suffers a burn that covers the entire anterior surface of one leg and the anterior surface of one arm. Using the 'rule of nines,' what percentage of the body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$22.5\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Secrete sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair

Question 4

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main enzyme it secretes?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; acid phosphatase

Question 5

A 12-year-old boy is experiencing rapid growth in height. Which part of his long bones is primarily responsible for this growth, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate; endochondral ossification

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between spongy bone and compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone contains trabeculae and red marrow, while compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones

Question 7

During muscle contraction, which ion binds to troponin to initiate the exposure of binding sites on actin filaments?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$Ca^{2+})$$

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events in a single cross-bridge cycle during skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin head binds to actin, power stroke, ATP binds to myosin, myosin detaches from actin

Question 9

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder joint. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Stores and releases $$Ca^{2+}$$ ions to trigger contraction

Question 11

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 12

A soccer player tears their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which type of joint and movement is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Hinge joint; flexion and extension

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a synovial joint that allows for circumduction?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 14

Which muscle type is striated, involuntary, and found only in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 15

During a biceps curl, which muscle acts as the prime mover (agonist) for elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the inorganic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Provides hardness and resistance to compression

Question 17

A patient presents with a fracture at the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely long-term consequence if not properly treated?

Accepted Answer

Premature closure of the growth plate, leading to stunted growth

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates muscle contraction by binding to receptors on the muscle cell membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of events in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin, tropomyosin shifts, myosin binds to actin, power stroke

Question 20

Which of the following movements is NOT possible at a hinge joint?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Exam 2 Focused Review: Anatomy & Physiology (Chapters 5-10)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard