Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a placebo in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a control to account for psychological effects in the experimental group.

Question 2

A researcher is testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The blood pressure measured after treatment

Question 3

Which of the following graphs would best represent a negative correlation between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A scatterplot where points trend downward from left to right

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that defines living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to undergo spontaneous combustion

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates a negative feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin to lower blood glucose after a meal

Question 6

Which of the following elements is most abundant in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Carbon ($$C)$$

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches a biological macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid — Nucleotide

Question 8

During dehydration synthesis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a bond between monomers.

Question 9

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic.

Question 11

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 13

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions across the cell membrane. Which equation best represents the ratio of sodium to potassium ions transported per cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+ : 2 \mathrm{K}^+$$

Question 15

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 16

Which type of microscope would be best for viewing the internal structure of a mitochondrion at high resolution?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in cells?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds, while kinetic energy is energy of motion.

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy in cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 19

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will remain unchanged.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion in cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a cell via a membrane protein

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard