Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, while an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four common functional groups found in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group

Question 3

A solution is made by dissolving 10 g of NaCl in enough water to make 1 L of solution. What is the concentration of NaCl in the solution in g/L?

Accepted Answer

$$10 \ \mathrm{g/L}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about hydrophobic molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

They tend to cluster together in aqueous environments.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the induced-fit model of enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate upon binding.

Question 6

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a competitive inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing substrate binding.

Question 8

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the eight major essential elements for cell function in humans?

Accepted Answer

Iron ($$Fe)$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so it can surround and separate ions.

Question 10

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are the building blocks that join together to form polymers.

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the substrate concentration up to a certain point.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of polar molecules?

Accepted Answer

They have regions of partial positive and negative charge.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 16

A solution has a pH of 4. How many times more acidic is it than a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

$$100$$ times more acidic

Question 17

Which of the following best describes an allosteric modulator?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and changes enzyme activity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about conjugated proteins?

Accepted Answer

They contain a protein combined with another type of biomolecule, such as a carbohydrate or lipid.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The shape and chemical properties of the enzyme's active site match only certain substrates.

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme. Which of the following best describes the effect of this drug?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a site other than the active site, reducing the enzyme's activity regardless of substrate concentration.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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