Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation is an atom with a positive charge due to loss of electrons, while an anion is an atom with a negative charge due to gain of electrons.

Question 2

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 3

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which of the following is a trace element important for thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule.

Question 6

Which property of water is MOST directly related to the presence of hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Water's high specific heat capacity.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for the chemical reaction of glucose combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up chemical reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important for the functioning of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Low surface tension

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polar molecules have an unequal distribution of electrical charge, while nonpolar molecules have an equal distribution.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct definition of pH?

Accepted Answer

pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H}^+]) in a $$solution.

Question 13

Which of the following organic macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Combining two amino acids to form a peptide and releasing water

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A folded protein with a specific active site for substrate binding

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about activation energy?

Accepted Answer

Activation energy is the energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Atomic mass} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid system in blood

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the addition of table salt to pure water does not result in a change in its pH?

Accepted Answer

Salt does not contain hydrogen or hydroxide ions that affect pH.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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