Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight as it relates to matter in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass.

Question 2

A patient inhales oxygen gas ($$O_2) $$into their lungs. Which state of matter is this oxygen, and what property does it exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Gas; it has a changeable shape and volume.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Ions moving across a nerve cell membrane during an action potential.

Question 4

A person lifts a dumbbell, converting chemical energy from ATP into movement. Which form of energy transformation is primarily occurring?

Accepted Answer

Chemical energy to mechanical energy

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the mass of an astronaut remains the same on the Moon as on Earth, but their weight changes?

Accepted Answer

Weight depends on gravity, which is weaker on the Moon, while mass is independent of gravity.

Question 6

Which of the following elements is the most abundant in the human body by mass and is a component of both organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 7

Given an atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 11, Mass number = 23

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

A solution is made by dissolving salt in water. In this scenario, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Salt is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 10

Which of the following best distinguishes a compound from a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A compound contains atoms of different elements bonded together, while a molecule may contain atoms of the same or different elements.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a homogeneous mixture found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma

Question 12

If an atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, what is its atomic mass and what element is it?

Accepted Answer

Atomic mass = 16, Element = Oxygen

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of hydrogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a component of all organic molecules and influences pH.

Question 14

A radioactive isotope emits a beta particle. What is a beta particle, and what effect does this have on the atom?

Accepted Answer

A beta particle is an electron; its emission increases the atomic number by 1.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water ($$H_2O) is $$considered a compound and not just a molecule?

Accepted Answer

It contains atoms of different elements chemically bonded together.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about electrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are negatively charged and are found in orbitals around the nucleus.

Question 17

A solution is described as a colloid. Which property distinguishes a colloid from a true solution?

Accepted Answer

Colloids scatter light due to larger solute particles.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atomic number ($$Z) $$and mass number ($$A) $$for an element?

Accepted Answer

$$A = Z +$$ number of neutrons

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a physical property of an element?

Accepted Answer

Melting point

Question 20

A patient is given a radioactive isotope for imaging. Which property of isotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation that can be detected by imaging equipment.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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