Question 1

Which of the following best defines an element in the context of human anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, distinguished by its atomic number.

Question 2

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between elements and atoms?

Accepted Answer

Elements are composed of only one type of atom.

Question 4

An atom of sodium (Na) has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. What is the net charge of this atom?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons and has a positive charge.

Question 6

Which property of water allows it to dissolve a wide variety of substances, making it the 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH stability by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an organic molecule found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$})$$

Question 10

Which of the following best distinguishes between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are single subunits that can join to form polymers, which are long chains of repeating units.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a carbohydrate and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen – energy storage in animals

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with two fatty acid tails, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the reaction that summarizes the breakdown of ATP to provide energy for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy}$$

Question 16

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.6. How would you classify this condition?

Accepted Answer

Alkalosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a salt and its role in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride – helps maintain fluid balance and nerve function

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water has a high heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match between a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide – DNA

Question 20

A solution has a $$[\mathrm{H^+}]$$ concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-9}$$ M. What is the pH of this solution, and is it acidic, neutral, or basic?

Accepted Answer

pH = 9; basic

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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