Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$Ca)$$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the relationship between protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus.

Question 3

Which of the following is a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 4

Water is considered a polar molecule. Which property of water is a direct result of its polarity?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to dissolve ionic compounds

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct general formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can form hydration shells around ions.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, while saturated fatty acids have only single bonds.

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this patient, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with shapes complementary to specific substrates.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

The addition of water to break a covalent bond in a polymer

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are well-suited to form cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine ($$A) $$pairs with Thymine ($$T)$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage form of glucose in animals.

Question 20

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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