Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why water is considered a good chemical reactant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to participate in and facilitate chemical reactions by dissolving reactants and products.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.2. Which physiological condition does this indicate, and what is the likely effect on the body?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; possible central nervous system depression and impaired cellular function.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons and has a net positive charge.

Question 4

Which chemical reaction is responsible for breaking down complex organic molecules into simpler components, and what is the general equation for this process?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism (decomposition); $$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 5

Which of the following molecules is a polysaccharide and serves as the primary form of energy storage in human liver and skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true regarding this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions ($$H^+).$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head, forming a bilayer that acts as a barrier to water-soluble substances.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about ATP hydrolysis in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single covalent bonds, allowing tight packing; unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two molecules together with the release of a water molecule.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA contain adenine and guanine as purines.

Question 14

A molecule of sucrose is formed by joining glucose and fructose through which type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is made of atoms of one or more elements held together by covalent bonds, while a compound is made of atoms of two or more different elements.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water, while hydrophobic molecules do not.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of trace elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Trace elements are present in very small amounts but are essential for various biochemical processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why water has a high heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds that require significant energy to break, allowing water to absorb and retain heat.

Fundamental Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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