Question 1

Which of the following best describes an organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen in living things.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct monomer for proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 3

A protein loses its three-dimensional shape after being exposed to high heat. What is this process called, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein can no longer function properly.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats have double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a passive mode of cell transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 6

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes requires insulin injections because:

Accepted Answer

Their immune system destroys insulin-producing cells.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of insulin and glucagon in blood sugar regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowers blood sugar by moving glucose into cells; glucagon raises blood sugar by signaling the liver to release stored glucose.

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They speed up reactions and are reusable and specific to one reaction.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump in cells?

Accepted Answer

Moves 3 Na$$^+$$ out and 2 K$$^+ in$$, using ATP, to keep the cell electrically balanced for nerve and muscle function.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Occurs in the cytoplasm, breaks down glucose to pyruvate, and produces a small amount of ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces about 36 ATP; anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces about 2 ATP (lactic acid formed).

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of energy (ATP)

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for protein synthesis in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to mRNA in the nucleus, then mRNA is translated to protein at the ribosome.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Seal cells together to prevent leakage of molecules between them.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a covalent bond in the body?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with hypertrophy of the heart. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The heart cells have gotten bigger.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Act as channels, pumps, and receptors.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of beta cells in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

They sense high blood glucose and release insulin.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct location and output for the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)?

Accepted Answer

Occurs in the mitochondria; outputs CO$$_2$$, NADH, FADH$$_2$$, and ATP.

Fundamental Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Metabolism

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