Q: Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ \text{out} : 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for processing and coordinating sensory data, motor commands, and higher functions such as intelligence and emotion?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the nerves that connect the spinal cord to skeletal muscles, resulting in loss of voluntary movement. Which division of the nervous system is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier and repairing damaged nervous tissue in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

If a neuron’s plasma membrane were freely permeable to sodium ions, what would be the equilibrium potential for sodium ($$E_{Na}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{Na} = +66\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons.

Question 6

A neuron receives a stimulus that opens chemically gated sodium channels. What is the immediate effect on the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 7

Which structural classification of neurons is most commonly found in the sensory pathways of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

Question 8

What is the primary function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Clean up cellular debris, wastes, and pathogens

Question 9

During Wallerian degeneration, which cells form a path for new axonal growth in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 10

Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ 	ext{out} : 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 11

Which type of ion channel opens in response to physical distortion of the membrane, such as touch or pressure?

Accepted Answer

Mechanically gated ion channel

Question 12

A patient presents with impaired coordination and memory. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

Accepted Answer

It contains as many or more neurons than the spinal cord.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Produce and monitor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 16

A neuron is exposed to a stimulus that opens potassium channels. What is the expected change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They regulate interstitial fluid around neurons in ganglia.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are proportional to the strength of the stimulus.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the permeability of the resting neuron membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is highly permeable to potassium ions.

Question 20

Which functional division of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory information from receptors to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Afferent division

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology: Nervous Tissue (Chapter 12, Part 1) Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard