Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a constant internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

A patient has a blood pH of 7.0. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis, since normal body pH is 7.35–7.45.

Question 3

Which organ system is primarily responsible for the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal system, specifically the red bone marrow.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the Na+/K+ pump in active transport?

Accepted Answer

Maintains the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cell's cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink (crenate).

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through cellular respiration, especially in cells with high energy demands.

Question 7

Which tissue type lines body surfaces and is involved in protection, absorption, and secretion?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 9

A patient presents with nail clubbing. Which underlying condition is most likely associated with this finding?

Accepted Answer

Chronic low oxygen levels (hypoxia)

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in $$the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about bone growth is correct?

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal line marks the end of longitudinal bone growth.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why proteins, glucose, and electrolytes influence osmotic pressure in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are solutes that attract water, affecting its movement across membranes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of passive transport across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 14

Which of the following cell types is most likely to have the greatest number of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Provides insulation and stores energy as fat.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA in cell division?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores instructions for protein synthesis required for cell division.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about malignant cells?

Accepted Answer

They divide uncontrollably and can invade surrounding tissues.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of the skin?

Accepted Answer

The hypodermis lies beneath the dermis and contains more fat.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP).

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology: Study Notes

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