Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of sensory (afferent) neurons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They convey impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS.

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the oligodendrocytes in their central nervous system. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Decreased insulation of CNS axons, leading to slower nerve impulse conduction.

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 4

A nerve is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A cordlike bundle of axons conducting sensory and motor impulses in the PNS.

Question 5

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 6

If a toxin selectively destroys Schwann cells, which physiological process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of myelin sheaths in the PNS

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the neuroglial cell with its function?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes – form myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 8

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual axons within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 9

A patient presents with impaired motor output but intact sensory input. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor (efferent) division

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are generated.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v) $$and myelination in axons?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto \sqrt{d}$$, where $$d is $$axon diameter and myelination increases $$v$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the basic functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials occur at dendrites and cell bodies, while action potentials are generated at the axon hillock.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS and help regulate their environment.

Question 15

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences demyelination in the CNS. Which cell type is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 16

Which of the following is a structural classification of neurons based on the number of processes extending from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They anchor neurons to blood vessels and help regulate the chemical environment.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while ganglia are in the PNS.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the importance of myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier) in nerve impulse conduction?

Accepted Answer

They allow for saltatory conduction, increasing the speed of impulse transmission.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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