Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To rapidly coordinate and control body activities through electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

Which anatomical division of the nervous system is responsible for processing and integrating information, storing information, and determining emotions?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

A patient suffers damage to the motor (efferent) division of their peripheral nervous system. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired movement and inability to contract muscles voluntarily

Question 4

Which subdivision of the peripheral nervous system transmits impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that regulate involuntary functions

Question 6

Which glial cell type in the CNS is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

What is the main function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To form the myelin sheath around axons

Question 8

Which of the following statements about neurons is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Neurons have a high metabolic rate and require a constant supply of oxygen and glucose

Question 9

Which part of a neuron is responsible for transmitting action potentials away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath electrically insulates the axon, allowing saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between voltage ($$V$$), current ($$I$$), and resistance ($$R) in a $$neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 12

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately $$-70 mV. $$What is the main reason for this negative charge inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

High concentration of K$$^+$$ ions and negatively charged proteins inside the cell

Question 13

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a neurotransmitter binding to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated channel

Question 14

During the absolute refractory period, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be initiated regardless of stimulus strength

Question 15

Which process describes the movement of an action potential along a myelinated axon, jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely increase the conduction velocity of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Increasing axon diameter and adding myelin sheath

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons to capillaries and controlling the chemical environment

Question 18

Which type of postsynaptic potential results from the opening of Na$$^+$$ channels and causes a small local depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 19

A patient is exposed to a neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Neurons will be unable to generate action potentials

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in strength over distance, while action potentials propagate without decrement

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard