Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all neural tissue outside the CNS.

Question 2

A patient is unable to feel sensations in their left arm but can still move it. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches a neuron type with its function?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands.

Question 4

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of a generalized neuron?

Accepted Answer

Secreting hormones into the bloodstream

Question 6

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 7

Which of the following glial cells is responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 8

During the generation of an action potential, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization due to Na$$^+$$ influx

Question 9

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 10

Which statement best describes the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

An action potential either occurs fully or not at all, regardless of stimulus strength once threshold is reached.

Question 11

What is the main difference between the absolute and relative refractory periods of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

During the absolute refractory period, no new action potential can be generated; during the relative refractory period, a stronger stimulus can generate another action potential.

Question 12

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels. What effect will this have on their neurons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be generated, leading to loss of neural signaling.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains how the nervous system codes for the strength of sensory stimuli?

Accepted Answer

By increasing the frequency of action potentials

Question 14

Which ion is primarily responsible for repolarization of the neuron during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

K$$^+ ($$potassium)

Question 15

Which process allows neurotransmitters to travel between neurons at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis of neurotransmitter vesicles into the synaptic cleft

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the regulation of mood and is implicated in depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 17

A drug that increases the activity of GABA at synapses would most likely have which effect?

Accepted Answer

Depressant effect, reducing neural activity

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between excitatory and inhibitory synapses?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory synapses increase the likelihood of an action potential in the postsynaptic cell, while inhibitory synapses decrease it.

Question 19

Which class of neurotransmitters does dopamine belong to based on chemical structure?

Accepted Answer

Monoamines

Question 20

A patient with Parkinson's disease is treated with a drug that increases dopamine levels in the brain. What is the most likely effect of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Improvement in motor control and reduction of tremors

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue (Chapter 11) – Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard