Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information throughout the body via electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which sequence correctly describes the flow of information in the nervous system for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 3

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$What is the primary reason for this negative resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Greater permeability of the membrane to K$$^+$$ than to Na$$^+$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps three Na$$^+$$ ions out and two K$$^+$$ ions in, maintaining the concentration gradients

Question 7

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion moves and in which direction?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$ moves into the cell

Question 8

Which of the following statements about action potentials is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are all-or-none events that do not decrease in strength as they propagate

Question 9

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decay over distance, while action potentials do not

Question 11

If the membrane potential of a neuron changes from $$-70\ \mathrm{mV} to$$ $$+30\ \mathrm{mV}$$, which phase of the action potential is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 12

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 13

A neurotransmitter binds to its receptor on the postsynaptic membrane and causes an influx of Na$$^+$$ ions. What is the likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

An action potential is generated only if the threshold is reached, and it always has the same amplitude

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in hyperpolarization of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Opening of K$$^+$$ channels allowing K$$^+ to $$leave the cell

Question 16

Which structural class of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 17

A patient has damage to the axon hillock of a neuron. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Generation of action potentials

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier via saltatory conduction

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the frequency of action potentials and the strength of a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A stronger stimulus increases the frequency of action potentials

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard