$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+ \text{ out} : 2 \mathrm{K}^+ \text{ in}$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of response speed and duration?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system responds rapidly and briefly, while the endocrine system responds more slowly but its effects last longer.

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of sensory information from the body to the CNS

Question 3

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system and is responsible for controlling skeletal muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 4

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate the environment around neurons

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why typical CNS neurons cannot regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

They lack centrioles and cannot divide

Question 6

A graded potential differs from an action potential in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in magnitude with distance from the stimulus site

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the sodium-potassium pump exchange in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+ 	ext{ out} : 2 \mathrm{K}^+ 	ext{ in}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and cellular debris

Question 9

If a neuron’s membrane potential shifts from -70 mV to -55 mV, what process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons

Question 11

A patient is experiencing loss of sensation in their limbs. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

It jumps from node to node in a process called saltatory conduction

Question 13

Which structure is responsible for integrating and coordinating sensory processing and motor transmission in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

Interconnect other neurons and are located entirely within the CNS

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Any stimulus that reaches threshold will produce an identical action potential

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is approximately $$-70 \mathrm{mV}$$ and maintained by the sodium-potassium pump

Question 17

Which type of receptor monitors the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints?

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptor

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Circulating cerebrospinal fluid

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the thickened region marking the beginning of an axon and the origin point for electrical impulses

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

It is dominated by myelinated axons

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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