Question 1

Which of the following anatomical structures is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Accepted Answer

Gallbladder

Question 2

In older adults, which physiological change most directly contributes to an increased risk of constipation?

Accepted Answer

Slower colonic motility due to medications and reduced mobility

Question 3

A patient reports passing hard stools, abdominal discomfort, and a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Question 4

Which of the following is a recommended daily fibre intake for adult men to help prevent constipation?

Accepted Answer

$$30\ \mathrm{mg/day}$$

Question 5

A newborn’s umbilical cord contains which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Two arteries and one vein

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of constipation in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 7

A patient presents with abdominal distension, vomiting, and inability to pass stool or gas. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Bowel obstruction

Question 8

Which of the following best describes normal bowel function?

Accepted Answer

Passing a bowel motion as much as three times per day or as little as once every three days, without straining

Question 9

Which of the following is a mechanical cause of constipation?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive emptying due to inflammatory bowel disease

Question 10

Which of the following is a recommended daily fluid intake for adult women to help prevent constipation?

Accepted Answer

$$2\ \mathrm{L/day}$$

Question 11

Which of the following symptoms is LEAST likely to be associated with constipation?

Accepted Answer

Frequent loose stools

Question 12

Which of the following is a pharmacological management option for constipation that works by stimulating intestinal motility?

Accepted Answer

Stimulant laxatives

Question 13

A patient with a history of opioid use presents with constipation. Which mechanism best explains this effect?

Accepted Answer

Opioids slow gastrointestinal transit time

Question 14

Which of the following is a subjective data point collected during gastrointestinal assessment?

Accepted Answer

Patient’s report of nausea

Question 15

Which anatomical structure is found in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen?

Accepted Answer

Sigmoid colon

Question 16

Which of the following is a common cause of nausea and vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Gastroenteritis

Question 17

Which of the following is a sign of bowel obstruction rather than simple constipation?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal distension with inability to pass gas

Question 18

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for managing constipation in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Increasing level of physical activity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the location of the urinary bladder in infants compared to adults?

Accepted Answer

Located higher in the abdomen

Question 20

A patient is unable to discriminate between the urge to pass solids, liquids, or gas. This symptom is most commonly seen in which population?

Accepted Answer

Older adults

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Considerations

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