Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ions such as sodium (Na\^+) and potassium (K\^+) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They help transmit electrical signals in nerves and muscles, and maintain fluid balance inside and outside cells.

Question 2

A climber at high altitude experiences fatigue and shortness of breath. Which homeostatic factor is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Labor contractions during childbirth

Question 4

Which statement about homeostatic control mechanisms is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are self-regulating processes that maintain the body's 'steady state'.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Provides the main source of cellular energy

Question 6

A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture. Which of the following best describes the relationship between solute and solvent in a solution?

Accepted Answer

Solvent is present in the greatest amount, and solute is dissolved in the solvent.

Question 7

Which of the following chemical bonds involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about exergonic reactions is true?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions result in a net release of energy.

Question 10

A patient is experiencing swelling due to excess water moving into cells. Which homeostatic factor is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Fluid/electrolyte balance

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen make up 96% of the body.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a suspension mixture in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood with visible cells that settle out if left in a tube

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Question 14

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst such as an enzyme

Question 15

Which of the following is true about covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are formed by sharing of two or more valence shell electrons between atoms.

Question 16

Which chemical reaction type is represented by the equation $$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$?

Accepted Answer

Exchange reaction

Question 17

A person is unable to produce enough ATP due to lack of nutrients. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about molecules and compounds?

Accepted Answer

A compound is a specific molecule that has two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of homeostatic control mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the body's internal environment in a relatively constant state

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why atmospheric pressure is important for human survival?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the exchange of gases in the lungs, enabling oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave.

Homeostasis and Basic Human Chemistry: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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