$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

$$\mathrm{BMI} = \frac{\text{weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness due to a defect in ATP production. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce ATP. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is essential for nerve cell function?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by actively transporting ions against their concentration gradients.

Question 5

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to produce ribosomes. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to synthesize proteins.

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct result of the breakdown of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Loss of selective permeability and potential cell lysis.

Question 7

A patient with cystic fibrosis has a mutation in the CFTR protein, affecting chloride ion transport. Which type of membrane transport is disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of body mass index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{BMI} = \frac{	ext{weight (kg)}}{	ext{height (m)}^2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels rise after eating and insulin is released to lower them.

Question 12

A patient is unable to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor. Which organ is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of connective tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and connects different tissues.

Question 14

A person is exposed to cold temperatures. Which physiological response helps maintain core body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Shivering to generate heat through muscle activity

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It forms protective barriers and lines surfaces.

Question 16

A patient with a genetic disorder has defective collagen synthesis. Which tissue type will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the importance of the cell cycle in tissue growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

It enables cells to divide and replace damaged or lost cells.

Question 18

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process that integrates both the nervous and endocrine systems to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pressure via baroreceptors and hormone release

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis, a condition involving decreased bone density. Which physiological system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal system

Human Physiology (BMS 300) Syllabus and Study Guide

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