Question 1

During an action potential, which event is primarily responsible for the rapid depolarization phase of the neuron membrane?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated Na\+ channels

Question 2

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 3

What is the main difference between the absolute and relative refractory periods of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

During the absolute refractory period, no action potential can be generated, while during the relative refractory period, a stronger stimulus may trigger one

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter release mechanism is triggered by an influx of Ca\^{2+} ions into the presynaptic terminal?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis of neurotransmitter vesicles

Question 5

If a postsynaptic neuron receives a neurotransmitter that causes hyperpolarization, what type of postsynaptic potential is generated?

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Question 6

Which structure in the central nervous system is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 7

Gray matter in the spinal cord primarily contains which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Neuron cell bodies and dendrites

Question 8

Which functional area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for voluntary movement?

Accepted Answer

Primary motor cortex

Question 9

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and targets the kidneys to regulate water balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

A patient suffers damage to the dorsal root of the spinal cord. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the periphery

Question 11

Which of the following best defines 'transduce' in the context of sensory physiology?

Accepted Answer

To convert a stimulus into a change in membrane potential

Question 12

Which type of receptor adapts rapidly to a continuous stimulus, allowing you to stop noticing the feeling of your clothes after a few minutes?

Accepted Answer

Phasic receptor

Question 13

Which pathway correctly traces somatic sensation from the receptor to the somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Primary neuron $$ \rightarrow $$ secondary neuron $$ \rightarrow $$ tertiary neuron

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 15

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the passage of substances from the blood into the brain

Question 16

Which equation best represents the calculation of membrane potential using the Nernst equation for a single ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the gate control theory of pain?

Accepted Answer

Activation of A\beta fibers can inhibit the transmission of pain signals carried by C fibers

Question 18

A patient is unable to taste food but can still smell and hear. Which area of the cerebral cortex is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Primary gustatory cortex

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a major group of sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter receptors

Question 20

If the frequency of action potentials increases in a sensory neuron, what does this most likely indicate about the stimulus?

Accepted Answer

The stimulus intensity is increasing

Human Physiology: Study Guide for Chapters 8–10 (Neural Physiology, CNS, and Sensory Systems)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard