Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 2

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Which immune process will be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lysis of pathogens by complement proteins

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger cell responses

Question 4

During inflammation, which process allows white blood cells to exit the capillary and enter the tissue at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about innate (non-specific) immunity?

Accepted Answer

It is effective at birth and responds the same way to all pathogens

Question 6

A researcher observes that a certain cell type releases agents that kill tumor cells and is classified as a lymphocyte. Which cell is being described?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cell

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Destruction and removal of old or defective red blood cells

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive (acquired) immunity?

Accepted Answer

It requires a first exposure to a pathogen to be effective

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a physical barrier involved in the first line of defense of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme in saliva

Question 10

Which process is described by the following steps: chemotaxis and adherence of microbe to phagocyte, ingestion, formation of phagosome, fusion with lysosome, digestion, and discharge of waste?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

A patient with a fever has an elevated body temperature. Which of the following is a direct effect of fever on the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Increased phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the role of opsonins in immunity?

Accepted Answer

They bind to pathogens and increase the likelihood of phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Defense against pathogens in mucosal layers

Question 14

Which pathway of complement activation is the fastest?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 15

Which of the following is a granulocyte involved in allergic reactions and is the least abundant among white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 16

Which organ secretes thymosin and is the site where T lymphocytes mature?

Accepted Answer

Thymus gland

Question 17

Which of the following symptoms of inflammation is primarily due to increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Swelling

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between hydrostatic pressure ($$P_{hydro}$$), osmotic pressure ($$P_{osm}$$), and net filtration pressure ($$NFP) in $$capillaries during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = P_{hydro} - P_{osm}$$

Question 19

A viral infection triggers the release of interferon from infected cells. What is the primary effect of interferon on neighboring uninfected cells?

Accepted Answer

It blocks viral entry or replication

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the activation of complement proteins via the classical pathway?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)

Immune System: Structure, Function, and Innate Immunity

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