Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a physical barrier in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in natural killer (NK) cells would most likely have difficulty with which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of virus-infected cells

Question 3

Which enzyme found in saliva and tears is responsible for breaking down bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme

Question 4

During inflammation, which process allows neutrophils to squeeze out of capillaries and migrate toward the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They interfere with viral replication in infected cells.

Question 6

A person receives a vaccine containing inactivated virus. Which type of immunity is primarily induced?

Accepted Answer

Active artificial immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of complement proteins in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing phagocytosis by opsonization

Question 8

Which cell type is responsible for presenting antigens to helper T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Question 9

A child is born without the ability to produce B cells. Which aspect of their immune response will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 10

Which process describes the movement of leukocytes toward higher concentrations of chemical signals at an infection site?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

It occurs upon first exposure to an antigen.

Question 12

Which antibody class is most abundant in blood and provides long-term protection?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 13

A patient is exposed to a pathogen and develops symptoms after a few days. Which immune response is responsible for the delayed onset of symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Primary immune response

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct equation for the calculation of antibody concentration in a sample?

Accepted Answer

$$C = \frac{A}{V}$$

Question 15

Which process involves the engulfment and digestion of pathogens by immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of virus-infected cells

Question 17

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive natural immunity

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for phagocytosis.

Question 19

Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for the release of histamine during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

It occurs upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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