Q: Which equation best represents the percentage of body weight that is skin, given that skin covers an area of $$1.5 to$$ $$2.0$$ $$m^2$$ and weighs $$15 ext{ %} of $$total body weight?

$$\frac{\text{weight of skin}}{\text{total body weight}} \times 100 = 15\%$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for resisting abrasion, penetration, and water loss due to its composition of dead, keratinized cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, blistered, and very painful, but leaves part of the dermis intact. Which degree of burn does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

A researcher is studying the effects of UV radiation on skin color. Which pigment is most directly affected by UV exposure, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Melanin; protects against DNA damage from UV radiation

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why dark-skinned individuals have more melanin distributed throughout their epidermis compared to light-skinned individuals?

Accepted Answer

Their melanin granules are more spread out and break down more slowly

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. Which layer of the epidermis did the cancer originate from, and what is a key characteristic of this cancer?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; seldom metastasizes

Question 7

Which type of sweat gland is most numerous in adult skin and is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat gland

Question 8

A person develops stretch marks (striae) after rapid weight gain. Which layer of the skin is primarily affected, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Dermis; tearing of collagen fibers

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of ceruminous glands?

Accepted Answer

Form earwax to protect the ear canal

Question 10

A patient with third-degree burns requires immediate medical attention. What is the primary reason for the high risk of death associated with this type of burn?

Accepted Answer

Fluid loss, infection, and toxic effects of dead tissue

Question 11

Which layer of the skin contains the majority of blood vessels, sweat glands, and nerve endings, and is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 12

A person living in northern latitudes is more likely to have lighter skin. What is the evolutionary advantage of this trait?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced synthesis of vitamin D due to greater UV penetration

Question 13

Which equation best represents the percentage of body weight that is skin, given that skin covers an area of $$1.5 to$$ $$2.0$$ $$m^2$$ and weighs $$15	ext{ %} of $$total body weight?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{	ext{weight of skin}}{	ext{total body weight}} 	imes 100 = 15\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between thick skin and thin skin?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin has a thicker epidermis and lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Question 15

A patient is experiencing excessive dryness and cracking of the skin. Which gland is most likely underactive?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 16

Which structure in the hair follicle provides the hair with its sole source of nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Dermal papilla

Question 17

A person with curly hair has hair shafts with which cross-sectional shape?

Accepted Answer

Flat

Question 18

Which type of cell in the epidermis acts as a macrophage to guard against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic (Langerhans) cell

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of transdermal absorption through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Delivery of nicotine via skin patches

Question 20

A patient presents with a mole that has rapidly changed in size and color. Which type of skin cancer should be most suspected, and what is the most significant risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma; familial history

Integumentary System: Structure and Function (Chapter 6 Study Notes)

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