Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the total body surface area (TBSA) burned using the Rule of Nines for an adult?

$$ TBSA = 9\% \times (head + each arm) + 18\% \times (each leg + anterior trunk + posterior trunk) $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes tissue healing by primary intention?

Accepted Answer

Wound edges are brought together, resulting in minimal tissue loss and scarring.

Question 2

A patient develops a keloid after a surgical procedure. Which dysfunctional wound healing process is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Impaired collagen synthesis during the reconstructive phase

Question 3

During haemostasis, which of the following is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 4

Which factor distinguishes the intrinsic from the extrinsic pathway in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic pathway is activated by injury within the blood vessel, while the extrinsic pathway is activated by tissue factor released from outside the vessel.

Question 5

A patient with a burn that is dry, red, and blanches with pressure, but has no blistering, most likely has which type of burn?

Accepted Answer

Superficial (epidermal) burn

Question 6

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing malignant melanoma?

Accepted Answer

Repeated sunburns, especially in childhood

Question 7

A wound that pulls apart at the suture line is known as:

Accepted Answer

Dehiscence

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle injuries heal by fibrosis rather than regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells cannot divide, so only connective tissue replaces the injury.

Question 9

A patient presents with a nodular lesion on the skin that is diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma. Which cell type is the origin of this cancer?

Accepted Answer

Stem cells in the basal layer of the epidermis

Question 10

Which of the following is a common precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Solar keratosis

Question 11

A patient with a deep-dermal burn is at risk for which of the following complications during wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Contractures due to impaired contraction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the 'Rule of Nines' in burn assessment?

Accepted Answer

A method to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the total body surface area (TBSA) burned using the Rule of Nines for an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$ TBSA = 9\% 	imes (head + each arm) + 18\% 	imes (each leg + anterior trunk + posterior trunk) $$

Question 14

A patient with a full-thickness burn will most likely require which of the following interventions for optimal healing?

Accepted Answer

Wound management, debridement, and grafting

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between hypertrophic scars and keloids?

Accepted Answer

Keloids extend beyond the original wound boundary, while hypertrophic scars remain within it.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why patients with extensive burns require increased nutritional support during recovery?

Accepted Answer

Burns increase metabolic demands and protein loss, requiring more nutrients for tissue repair.

Question 17

A patient with a history of immunosuppression and chronic UVB exposure is most at risk for which type of skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 18

Which of the following is the primary function of von Willebrand factor in haemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates platelet aggregation and adhesion to the site of vascular injury

Question 19

A patient with a wound that is healing slowly due to hypoxaemia and nutritional deficiencies is most likely experiencing which type of dysfunctional wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Impaired epithelialisation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmin in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin breaks down fibrin clots during the process of fibrinolysis.

Integumentary System: Tissue Repair, Wound Healing, Haemostasis, Skin Cancer, and Burns

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