Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling perception, voluntary movement, and homeostasis by transmitting electrical signals

Question 2

A patient is unable to consciously move their right arm after a stroke. Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structural divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support, regulating the blood-brain barrier, and influencing synaptic activity

Question 5

A toxin disrupts the function of oligodendrocytes. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Loss of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the neuron structure with its function?

Accepted Answer

Axon: conducts impulses away from the cell body toward other cells

Question 7

A researcher observes a neuron with one axon and one dendrite extending from opposite ends of the cell body. This neuron is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the direction of information flow in a typical sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

From sensory receptors toward the CNS

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscles, while the autonomic controls involuntary smooth and cardiac muscles

Question 10

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate and dilated pupils after a stressful event. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these effects?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 11

Which of the following statements about axonal transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Slow axonal transport moves cytoskeletal elements and new axoplasm from the cell body toward the axon terminals

Question 12

A neuron is unable to release neurotransmitters at its axon terminals. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Axon terminals (synaptic boutons)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acting as immune cells that phagocytose debris and pathogens

Question 14

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of Schwann cells. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of neurons ($$N$$), the number of synapses per neuron ($$S$$), and the total number of synapses ($$T) in $$the human brain?

Accepted Answer

$$T = N 	imes S$$

Question 16

A patient presents with muscle weakness and loss of voluntary movement. Which pathway is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Motor (efferent) pathway of the somatic nervous system

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Receiving input from other neurons and transmitting it toward the cell body

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors

Question 19

A patient has damage to the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why neurons are considered amitotic?

Accepted Answer

They generally do not divide after differentiation, so lost neurons are not replaced

Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard