Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Because the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, resulting in an unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with goiter, an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. Which trace element deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation has lost one or more electrons and has a net positive charge, while an anion has gained one or more electrons and has a net negative charge.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a non-polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while a non-polar covalent bond involves equal sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 5

Which of the following is a property of water that helps regulate body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 6

A solution is made by dissolving 10 grams of glucose in 100 mL of water. In this solution, which term best describes glucose?

Accepted Answer

Solute

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water into ions?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{OH^-} $$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins smaller molecules to form larger, more complex molecules, consuming energy.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct definition of pH?

Accepted Answer

pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$ [\mathrm{H^+}] ) in a $$solution.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers that create selective barriers.

Question 11

A protein's function is most directly determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of a catabolic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose during fasting

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a storage form of glucose for future energy needs.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) are considered electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

They form ions in solution that are essential for nerve impulses and muscle contractions.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 18

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions ($$ [\mathrm{H^+}] ) $$than pure water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule ($$ \mathrm{H_2O} )$$

Key Concepts in Chemistry & Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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