Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of Peyer's patches and their location in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are clusters of lymphatic tissue located in the ileum of the small intestine, monitoring intestinal bacteria and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Question 2

A patient has a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) after trauma. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections due to loss of blood filtration and immune surveillance.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin for glucose regulation.

Question 4

Which lymphatic tissues are classified as MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Tonsils, Peyer's patches, and appendix.

Question 5

A child receives a vaccine and develops immunity to measles. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Active artificial immunity

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the pathway of lymph from the lymphatic capillaries back to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → lymphatic trunks → lymphatic ducts → subclavian veins

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary immune response is faster and stronger due to memory cells generated during the primary response.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It forms pores in the membrane of target cells, leading to cell lysis.

Question 9

A patient is exposed to hepatitis B virus and receives an injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive artificial immunity

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs first during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating of pathogens with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 12

Which cells are responsible for presenting antigens with MHC class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells

Question 13

A patient is found to have a deficiency in regulatory T cells. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of autoimmune diseases due to loss of immune tolerance

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill virus-infected and cancerous cells by inducing apoptosis.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) as relevant to lymph flow?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a key advantage of adaptive immunity over innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It provides a specific response to pathogens and generates immunological memory.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the classical pathway of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

It is initiated when antibodies bind to antigens, activating C1 and leading to a cascade of complement protein activation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

They secrete large quantities of antibodies specific to an antigen.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity involves the production of antibodies by the individual's own immune system, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source.

Question 20

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive natural immunity

Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Key Concepts and Functions

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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