$$\text{Rate} = k \times [\text{Antibody}] \times [\text{Antigen}]$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of Peyer's patches in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

They monitor intestinal bacteria populations and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines.

Question 2

A patient has a swollen lymph node in the neck. Which anatomical feature of the lymph node is responsible for filtering lymph and trapping pathogens?

Accepted Answer

The medulla, which contains sinuses lined with macrophages.

Question 3

Which lymphatic tissue is classified as MALT and is found in the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

Tonsils

Question 4

What is the main function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood and removal of old erythrocytes

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the pathway of lymph from the lymphatic capillaries back to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct → subclavian vein

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 7

Which type of cell is responsible for producing antibodies in response to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Question 8

A patient receives a vaccine and develops immunity. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating of pathogens with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following equations represents the classical pathway of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

$$C1q + antibody-antigen \rightarrow C4 + C2 \rightarrow C3$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between the primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies due to memory cells.

Question 12

Which of the following cells are part of the innate immune system and are responsible for killing virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cells

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It forms pores in the pathogen's membrane, leading to cell lysis.

Question 14

Which class of MHC molecules presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I

Question 15

A patient is exposed to hepatitis B virus and receives hepatitis B immunoglobulin. What type of immunity is provided?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs first during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Release of histamine by mast cells

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between antibody concentration and rate of antigen neutralization?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Rate} = k 	imes [	ext{Antibody}] 	imes [	ext{Antigen}]$$

Question 18

Which of the following is the main function of regulatory T cells?

Accepted Answer

Suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocyte mobilization during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes adhere to the endothelium, then migrate through the vessel wall to the site of infection.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly kill virus-infected and cancer cells

Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Key Concepts and Functions

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