Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

To return fluids leaked from blood vessels back to the blood and provide structural bases for the immune system

Question 2

A patient undergoes surgery to remove lymph nodes in the right axillary region due to cancer. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Development of localized lymphedema in the right upper limb

Question 3

Which of the following statements about lymphatic capillaries is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are blind-ended vessels that can absorb proteins and pathogens from interstitial fluid

Question 4

Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells derived from B cells

Question 5

A child is born with a genetic defect that prevents the formation of thymic tissue. Which of the following immune functions will be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the spleen is vulnerable to rupture after abdominal trauma?

Accepted Answer

It has a thin capsule and is highly vascularized

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis → Margination → Diapedesis → Chemotaxis

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in complement protein C3 would most likely have which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Impaired formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) and reduced opsonization

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Reduced affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen due to falling blood pH and rising $$P_{CO_2$}$$

Question 10

A patient presents with cyanosis and a hemoglobin saturation of 70%. Which type of hypoxia is most likely if the patient has normal lung function but a low red blood cell count?

Accepted Answer

Anemic hypoxia

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents Boyle’s Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 12

During an acute asthma attack, which of the following changes occurs in the airways?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction and increased airway resistance

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why rapid, shallow breathing (panting) reduces alveolar ventilation?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the proportion of each breath that reaches the respiratory zone

Question 14

A patient with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of surfactant is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar collapse and increased work of breathing

Question 15

Which of the following is the main antibody defense mechanism against cellular antigens?

Accepted Answer

Complement activation leading to cell lysis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They secrete cytokines that activate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and amplify innate defenses

Question 17

A patient is exposed to poison ivy and develops a skin rash 48 hours later. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Delayed (Type IV) hypersensitivity

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of histamine release during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the nasal conchae during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

They increase turbulence, warming, and moistening of inspired air

Question 20

A patient with severe pneumonia develops fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. What is the term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion

Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard