Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It provides localized immune defense at mucosal surfaces by housing lymphocytes and macrophages.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels.

Question 3

A patient presents with swollen lymph nodes after a bacterial infection. What is the most likely reason for this swelling?

Accepted Answer

Increased lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigens.

Question 4

Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for phagocytosis in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 5

What is the main difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Secondary responses are faster and stronger due to memory cell activation.

Question 6

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in blood plasma and is responsible for passive immunity transfer from mother to fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

A researcher is studying the activation of complement proteins. Which pathway is initiated when antibodies bind to antigens on a pathogen surface?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between hydrostatic pressure ($$P_{hyd}$$), osmotic pressure ($$P_{osm}$$), and net filtration pressure ($$P_{net}) in $$capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{net} = P_{hyd} - P_{osm}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable?

Accepted Answer

They lack a basement membrane and have overlapping endothelial cells that act as one-way valves.

Question 10

A patient with a deficiency in MHC class II molecules would most likely have impaired activation of which immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the stages of antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity?

Accepted Answer

Activation, proliferation, differentiation

Question 12

Which type of leukocyte is most abundant in human blood and is the first to arrive at sites of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 13

A patient is exposed to a new antigen and develops a fever and inflammation. Which cytokine is most likely responsible for inducing fever?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They process and present antigens on MHC molecules to activate T cells.

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the percentage of neutrophils in a white blood cell count if there are $$N$$ neutrophils and $$T$$ total leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{N}{T} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the red pulp in the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Removal of old erythrocytes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of T-cell activation?

Accepted Answer

T cells require antigen presentation on MHC molecules and co-stimulation to become activated.

Question 18

A patient receives a vaccine and later is exposed to the same pathogen. Which type of immunity is responsible for the rapid and robust response?

Accepted Answer

Artificially-acquired active immunity

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of the T-cell receptor?

Accepted Answer

It has two polypeptide chains, each with three variable regions.

Question 20

Which immunoglobulin is most effective at activating mast cells and basophils, leading to allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structured Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard