$$P_{gas} = F_{gas} \times P_{total}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and provide immune defense

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs due to lymphatic obstruction. Which mechanism is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lymph formation and circulation

Question 3

Compare and contrast lymphatic vessels and blood vessels in terms of structure and function. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic vessels have valves to prevent backflow and transport lymph at low pressure

Question 4

Which lymphatic organ is primarily responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 5

A patient with a deficiency in natural killer (NK) cells would most likely have impaired defense against which type of pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Virally infected cells and tumor cells

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, general defense; adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens and has memory

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents Boyle's Law, which explains the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 8

During expiration, which muscle group is primarily responsible for increasing intrathoracic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals

Question 9

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have which of the following changes in pulmonary volumes?

Accepted Answer

Increased residual volume ($$RV)$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the effect of a rightward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin has decreased affinity for oxygen, making it more likely to release oxygen to tissues

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Decrease alveolar surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Question 12

Which formula correctly predicts the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{gas} = F_{gas} 	imes P_{total}$$

Question 13

A patient is exposed to a bacterial antigen for the first time. Which immune response will be activated first?

Accepted Answer

Innate (nonspecific) immunity

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells by releasing cytokines

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from another individual

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for the reaction of carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 17

A patient with lymphedema is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Swelling due to accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Bind to antigens and neutralize or mark pathogens for destruction

Question 20

A patient with asthma experiences bronchoconstriction. Which of the following best explains the effect on airway resistance?

Accepted Answer

Airway resistance increases, making breathing more difficult

Lymphatic System, Immunity, and Respiratory System: Structured Study Notes

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