$$E_{ion} = 61/z \times \log(ion_{out}/ion_{in})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in tissues?

Accepted Answer

They prevent any communication between adjacent cells.

Question 2

The phospholipid bilayer becomes more malleable when:

Accepted Answer

Temperatures are high.

Question 3

Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for a single ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = 61/z 	imes \log(ion_{out}/ion_{in})$$

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves specific substrates down their concentration gradient without using ATP.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate water movement between compartments.

Question 7

According to Fick's Law of Diffusion, which factor does NOT directly increase the net flux of a molecule across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the membrane thickness.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are cell-to-cell anchoring junctions providing structural support.

Question 9

Which statement about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane in response to a solute gradient.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow chemical and electrical signals to pass directly from cell to cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is the universal physiological solvent in the body?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell per cycle, using ATP.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Osmolarity is the total number of solutes per liter.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires carrier proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about cell communication via chemical signals?

Accepted Answer

Chemical signals are ligands that bind to receptors to initiate intracellular responses.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of integrin receptors?

Accepted Answer

They alter enzymes or the cytoskeleton.

Question 17

Which of the following carrier types moves two or more substances in the same direction across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Symport carrier

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the electrical gradient between extracellular and intracellular fluids.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

It is the process of converting chemical signals to an intracellular response.

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that blocks all gap junctions in cardiac tissue. What is the most likely physiological effect?

Accepted Answer

Impaired electrical communication, leading to arrhythmias.

Membrane Dynamics and Cell Communication: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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