Q: Which formula correctly expresses osmolarity in terms of molarity and number of particles produced by dissociation?

$$\text{Osmolarity} = \text{Molarity} \times \text{Number of particles per molecule}$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the relationship between homeostasis and equilibrium in body fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis does not mean equilibrium; the ECF and ICF are in osmotic equilibrium but chemical disequilibrium.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution containing only nonpenetrating solutes. What will determine the tonicity of this solution relative to the patient's cells?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution compared to the cell.

Question 3

Given a 70-kg man, what is the approximate volume of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) in liters?

Accepted Answer

ICF: 28 L, ECF: 14 L

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why osmosis occurs across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration through aquaporins.

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution that is hyposmotic and contains only nonpenetrating solutes. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell.

Question 6

Which formula correctly expresses osmolarity in terms of molarity and number of particles produced by dissociation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Osmolarity} = 	ext{Molarity} 	imes 	ext{Number of particles per molecule}$$

Question 7

Which property of simple diffusion is described by Fick's Law, and what is the correct formula?

Accepted Answer

The rate of diffusion is proportional to membrane surface area and concentration gradient: $$	ext{Rate} = k 	imes A 	imes (C_1$ - C_2$)$$

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the movement of water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Water movement is facilitated by aquaporins and depends on solute concentration gradients.

Question 9

A solution contains 1 OsM glucose and 1 OsM NaCl. What is its total osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$3 	ext{ OsM}$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about membrane proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Channel proteins form open pores for rapid transport, while carrier proteins bind and transport molecules more slowly.

Question 11

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to water efflux.

Question 12

Which type of membrane transport requires energy input from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It is a passive process that moves molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between osmolarity and tonicity?

Accepted Answer

Osmolarity refers to the number of particles in solution, while tonicity describes the effect of a solution on cell volume.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 16

A solution is isosmotic to a cell but contains penetrating solutes. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell because penetrating solutes enter the cell, drawing water in.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about aquaporins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins are protein channels that facilitate water movement across cell membranes.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the distribution of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid contains about two-thirds of total body water.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about chemical disequilibrium in body fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane maintains chemical disequilibrium by being selectively permeable.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of channel proteins?

Accepted Answer

They form open pores that allow rapid movement of specific molecules across the membrane.

Ch 5a Membrane Dynamics: Osmosis, Tonicity, and Transport Processes

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