$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38\ ATP + \text{Heat}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down macromolecules and release energy, while anabolic reactions build macromolecules and require energy.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the conversion of non-carbohydrate sources, such as certain amino acids and glycerol, into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 4

What is the primary role of oxygen in the electron transport chain during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To accept electrons and form water

Question 5

Which metabolic state is characterized by the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine and the storage of excess glucose as glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Absorptive state

Question 6

Fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA through which process before entering the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Beta oxidation

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of glycogen from glucose in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 8

What is the fate of the amino group removed during amino acid catabolism in the liver?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into urea and excreted by the kidneys

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38\ ATP + 	ext{Heat}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 11

In the postabsorptive state, which fuel source does the nervous system primarily use when glucose is unavailable?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 12

Which vitamin is fat-soluble and absorbed via micelles in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 13

Which process is triggered by glucagon when blood glucose levels decrease?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 14

Which of the following statements about anabolic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They require energy input and build macromolecules from monomers.

Question 15

Which metabolic pathway allows glycerol from triglyceride catabolism to enter glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 16

What is the main function of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

To form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 17

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 18

Which process occurs in the cytosol and does NOT require mitochondria or oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about fatty acid catabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA via beta oxidation.

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of dietary proteins into amino acids for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Protein catabolism

Metabolism and Nutrition: An Overview for Anatomy & Physiology

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