Q: Which of the following equations represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + 30 \text{ or } 32 \text{ ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is the generation of ATP using energy released by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain, coupled to the pumping of protons and chemiosmosis.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and dizziness due to hypoglycemia. Which cell types are most affected by low blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Neurons and erythrocytes

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{W}{H^2$}$$

Question 4

During prolonged fasting, which metabolic process is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water-insoluble fiber softens stool and stimulates peristalsis.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of a redox reaction in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 7

Which vitamin is required for the synthesis of NAD, a key electron carrier in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Question 8

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting glucose uptake and storage?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fats are a more efficient form of energy storage than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats are less oxidized and contain more energy per gram.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of stored glycogen to release glucose when blood sugar levels drop?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of minerals in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They act as cofactors for enzymes and help regulate nerve and muscle function.

Question 12

Which of the following lipoproteins is responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the body?

Accepted Answer

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 13

A patient with liver cirrhosis is unable to efficiently convert ammonia to urea. What is the consequence of this metabolic defect?

Accepted Answer

Toxic buildup of ammonia in the body

Question 14

Which metabolic state is characterized by the use of stored fuels to meet the body's energy needs?

Accepted Answer

Postabsorptive (fasting) state

Question 15

Which of the following equations represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ ightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + 30 	ext{ or } 32 	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding complete proteins?

Accepted Answer

They provide all essential amino acids in the necessary proportions for human tissue growth and maintenance.

Question 17

Which process must occur before amino acids can be used as fuel in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 18

Which of the following mechanisms is most effective for heat loss when standing in front of a fan after exercise?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Question 19

Which hormone is released in response to stress and promotes fat and protein catabolism as well as gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of negative nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

Muscle atrophy due to breakdown of body proteins for fuel.

Metabolism and Nutrition: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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