$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36\text{ ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a catabolic reaction in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which process directly generates ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 3

Which statement correctly distinguishes oxidation from reduction in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation removes electrons from a molecule, decreasing its energy content.

Question 4

A patient is experiencing low blood glucose levels. Which metabolic pathway is most likely activated to restore glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

Which equation correctly summarizes the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 6

Which metabolic state is characterized by the absorption of nutrients and storage of excess energy as glycogen or fat?

Accepted Answer

Absorptive state

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction in human metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Formation of glycogen from glucose

Question 8

A molecule undergoes reduction during a metabolic reaction. What happens to its energy content?

Accepted Answer

It increases because electrons are added.

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP is used to transfer energy for cellular work.

Question 11

During oxidative phosphorylation, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 12

Which of the following nutrients is NOT considered a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Question 13

A person is in the postabsorptive state. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid breakdown

Question 15

Which equation represents the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMR is the energy expenditure at rest.

Question 17

Which process occurs in the mitochondria and is essential for the majority of ATP production during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Aids in gastrointestinal motility

Question 19

A patient has a deficiency in a mineral required for ATP synthesis. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy as products are formed

Metabolism & Nutrition: Key Concepts and Processes

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