$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ \rightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + \text{energy}$$

$$BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 \times \text{weight in kg}) + (5.003 \times \text{height in cm}) - (6.755 \times \text{age in years})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best defines metabolism in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body to maintain life.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid weight loss despite eating normally. Which metabolic process is most likely increased?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the general formula for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ ightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

Question 5

A person is exposed to cold temperatures. Which metabolic response helps maintain their body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Increased catabolic activity to generate heat

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 7

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which metabolic pathway will it rely on to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis followed by fermentation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes in metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 9

A patient with a genetic disorder cannot break down phenylalanine. Which type of metabolic pathway is affected?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathway

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why metabolic rate increases during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Cells require more oxygen to produce ATP for muscle contraction.

Question 11

Which formula represents the calculation of basal metabolic rate (BMR) using the Harris-Benedict equation for males?

Accepted Answer

$$BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 	imes 	ext{weight in kg}) + (5.003 	imes 	ext{height in cm}) - (6.755 	imes 	ext{age in years})$$

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How will this condition most likely affect their metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Decrease metabolic rate

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose during fasting

Question 14

During starvation, which metabolic process is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in relation to metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 16

A person consumes a high-protein diet. Which metabolic pathway will be most active to process excess amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Deamination and urea cycle

Question 17

Which of the following is a multi-step process that integrates both catabolic and anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 18

A patient with diabetes mellitus has elevated blood glucose levels. Which metabolic pathway is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Glucose uptake and utilization

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$C_3H_4O_3 + NADH \rightarrow C_3H_6O_3 + NAD^+$$

Metabolism: Foundations and Applications in Anatomy & Physiology

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